Weather in Nepal by Seasons : Winter, Spring Summer & Autumn Seasonal Insights

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24 Mar 2025

2025

Nepal Weather by Seasons

Winter Weather in Nepal

Nepal's winter season, from December to February, is characterized by cold temperatures, minimal rainfall, and distinct regional weather patterns across the country. The Terai region experiences milder conditions with average temperatures ranging from 5-10°C, while the mountain regions can see temperatures drop below -10°C (Shrestha et al., 1999). In higher altitudes, snow is common.

Precipitation

Winter in Nepal is generally dry, with minimal rainfall. Most precipitation occurs in the summer monsoon, and there has been a decreasing trend in overall rainfall during the winter months (Bista, 2023; Shrestha et al., 2017). The southeast of Nepal is influenced by monsoon circulation, while the northwest sees westerly-derived circulation.

Fog

The Terai region experiences frequent fog during winter, especially in December and January, which can affect visibility and crop production (DHM, 2017). Foggy conditions often coincide with cold waves, lowering daytime temperatures.

Winter Activities

Skiing and Winter Tourism: Visitors can come to Nepal for winter adventure tourism, particularly skiing at sites like Mera Peak and other areas like Putha Himchuli, Upper Mustang, and Langtang (Phuyal et al., 2024; Paudel et al., 2022), but these are being developed.

Trekking: While high-altitude treks are challenging due to snow and cold, lower-altitude treks remain feasible, offering a quieter trekking experience compared to peak seasons (Phuyal et al., 2024; Dhakal, 2013).

Rafting: Although less popular in winter, rafting is possible on some lower rivers with lower water levels creating a different experience (Khadka, 2016).

Wildlife and Nature Exploration: The dry weather and clearer skies in winter make it an ideal time for wildlife viewing in parks like Chitwan National Park, which also offers sunbathing opportunities (Acharya, 2023; Pandit et al., 2015).

Considerations for Winter Travel in Nepal

Winter tourism in Nepal is generally quieter, offering unique experiences like peaceful treks and wildlife viewing (Pokharel et al., 2017; Dhakal, 2013). However, snowfall and lower temperatures may limit access to some high-altitude areas, and tourists should prepare for cold conditions (Phuyal et al.; 2024, Ale, 2019). Additionally, climate change is affecting weather patterns, increasing risks of extreme weather events (Phuyal et al., 2024).

Clothing and Gear: It's essential to pack appropriate warm clothing and gear for the cold weather, especially if planning activities in the mountains.

Accommodation: Ensure that accommodations have heating facilities.

Hydration: Due to the low temperatures, it can be easy to overlook dehydration. It is still very important to drink enough fluids during winter.

Flexibility: Be prepared for possible changes to travel plans due to weather conditions.

Safety Measures: It is important to follow the guidance of local authorities, especially in mountain areas.

Weather Aspect	January	February	December
Temperature
Terai Region	Mild (24-28°C max, 5-10°C min)	Mild (24-28°C max, 14-18°C min)	Mild (14-18°C max, drops to ~7.5°C min)
Hilly Region	Cooler (4-8°C)	Cold (4-8°C max, -10°C min)	Cold (10°C max, below 0°C at night)
Himalayan Region	Very cold (-10°C min, 4-8°C max)	Very cold (-10°C min, 4-8°C max)	Very cold (-10°C min, snowfall common)
Rainfall	Minimal, very dry	Minimal, very dry	Very dry, one of the driest months
Humidity	High in Terai, around 84% RH in Kathmandu	Low, typical of spring-like conditions	Low, decreasing trend from Nov to Dec

Spring Weather in Nepal

Spring in Nepal, from March to May, has favorable conditions for tourism, particularly trekking, due to the milder temperatures, clear skies, and the blooming of the beautiful rhododendron flowers.

Temperature and Precipitation:

Spring sees a transition from cold winter to warmer pre-monsoon conditions, with rising temperatures, particularly in high-altitude and urban areas (K.C., 2017; Dawadi et al., 2020). Pre-monsoon rainfall is higher than in winter, with regional variations (Bista, 2023; Dawadi et al., 2020).

Trekking:

Spring is one of the best times for trekking in Nepal, especially due to clear weather, moderate temperatures, and vibrant rhododendron blooms (Phuyal et al., 2024). It is particularly ideal for trekking in lower and middle-altitude regions, where rhododendrons create stunning backdrops. Late March to April marks peak trekking times.

Wildlife and Tourism:

Spring is excellent for wildlife observation and birdwatching, as the weather and abundant vegetation make animals easier to spot (Phuyal et al., 2024). Tourism in Nepal thrives during this season, contributing significantly to the national economy, with a marked increase in visitor arrivals.

Considerations for Spring Travel in Nepal

Tourism in Nepal is strongly influenced by seasonality, with spring being one of the peak seasons for visitors (Phuyal et al., 2024). The days become warmer and more pleasant compared to the winter season, but it is not as hot as summer. Spring typically also has clear skies and good visibility.

Clothing and Gear: Pack layered clothing to accommodate temperature variations between day and night. Carry rain gear for protection from occasional showers.

Sun Protection: Use sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat to protect from the sun, especially at higher altitudes.

Hydration: Due to the increasing temperatures and activity levels, it's crucial to stay hydrated

Bookings: It is recommended to make bookings for accommodations and tours in advance, as spring is a peak season and many locations can be crowded.

Weather Aspect	March	April	May
Temperature
Terai Region	Noticeable increase in temperature, 19.5°C mean, 24-28°C max, 14-18°C min	24-28°C max, 14-18°C min	24-28°C max, mean of 24.4°C
Hilly Region	Moderate temperatures, avg 18°C	Cooler than Terai, moderate temperatures	Moderate temperatures, avg 20°C
Himalayan Region	Cold, below freezing, -10°C min	Cold, 4-8°C max, -10°C min	Cold, 4-8°C max, -6°C min
Rainfall	Minimal, pre-monsoon showers in mid-mountains	Dry, minimal rainfall, pre-monsoon	Minimal rainfall, pre-monsoon season
Humidity	Low, around 60% in Kathmandu	Low, comfortable weather	Increased humidity, 61.8% in Kathmandu

Summer Weather in Nepal

Nepal's summer season, which overlaps with the pre-monsoon and monsoon periods, brings significant weather changes that impact tourism and daily life.

Temperature

Temperatures rise significantly during the summer, with warmer conditions observed across the country, particularly at higher altitudes and urban areas. Mean summer temperatures have increased by 0.02°C annually over the past decades, and the mean maximum temperature in Nepal is 21.3°C (Bista, 2023; Shrestha et al., 2019).

Rainfall

The summer is dominated by the monsoon, which accounts for the majority of annual rainfall, typically between June and September (Dawadi et al., 2020; Phuyal et al., 2024). The monsoon season leads to heavy rainfall, with regional variation influenced by altitude and topography, such as high rainfall on the southern slopes of the Makalu range (Bista, 2023). The monsoon season reduces tourism activities, particularly trekking, due to challenging outdoor conditions.

Rafting and Extreme Sports

However, the monsoon season presents opportunities for white-water rafting, with rivers like the Bhotekoshi offering exciting conditions due to high water levels (Khadka, 2016). Rafting is best during the post-monsoon and pre-monsoon months, but should be avoided during peak monsoon due to unsafe river flows (Bhandari & Dixit, 2022).

Considerations for Summer Travel in Nepal

Clothing and Gear: Pack suitable rain gear such as a waterproof jacket, pants and shoes. Choose clothes that are quick-drying and comfortable.

Insect Repellant: Insect repellant may be necessary due to the increased number of mosquitoes during the monsoon season.

Safety: Be aware of the risks associated with the monsoon season, such as landslides, flash floods, and lightning.

Weather Aspect	June	July	August
Temperature
Terai Region	High, avg 30.9°C, 24-28°C range	Warm, 24-28°C range, 30.1°C max	Warm, 30.3°C max, 24-28°C range
Hilly Region	Moderate, 25-27°C	Moderate, 25-27°C	Moderate, similar to July
Himalayan Region	Cooler, 12-16°C	Cooler, avg 15°C	Cooler, similar to July
Rainfall	Increased significantly, 80% of annual rainfall	One of the wettest months, central region gets 2700 mm/year	One of the wettest months, central region gets 2700 mm/year
Humidity	High, around 79.29% in Kathmandu	Very high, similar to June	Very high, peaks at 86.36% in Kathmandu

Autumn Weather in Nepal

Autumn in Nepal, from September to November, is a peak season for tourism, characterized by clear skies, moderate temperatures, and reduced rainfall, making it ideal for outdoor activities and sightseeing.

Temperature and Precipitation

Autumn sees a gradual decrease in temperatures compared to summer, with cooler nights, especially at higher altitudes (K.C., 2017; Phuyal et al., 2024). The post-monsoon period leads to minimal rainfall, clear skies, and dry conditions, perfect for trekking and mountaineering.

Peak Tourism Season

Autumn is the peak tourist season, particularly in October and November, due to favorable weather and visibility, along with major cultural festivals like Dashain and Tihar (Dhakal, 2013; Pradhan & Koirala, 2024). The clear weather offers unobstructed views of the Himalayas, making it an ideal time for photography and outdoor activities. The vivid landscapes, including lush green hills and completed rice harvests, further enhance the scenery.

Tourism Activities

Autumn is excellent for a variety of adventure tourism activities like trekking, mountaineering, wildlife exploration, and adventure sports like paragliding and rafting (Phuyal et al., 2024). The pleasant weather makes Nepal’s national parks especially appealing for wildlife enthusiasts.

Cultural and Wildlife Tourism
Religious festivals and the availability of clear Himalayan views contribute to cultural and scenic tourism (Phuyal et al., 2024). The stable weather conditions also make autumn a great time for wildlife exploration in Nepal's national parks and conservation areas.

Considerations for Autumn Travel in Nepal

Clothing and Gear: Pack clothing in layers to adjust to temperature changes between day and night.

Warm Clothes: Carry warm clothes, especially for higher altitudes where nighttime temperatures can drop significantly.

Comfortable Footwear: Comfortable, sturdy shoes are important for trekking.

Sun Protection: Sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat are useful for protection from the sun.

Ideal Conditions for Adventure Sports: Adventure activities such as paragliding, rafting, and mountain biking are also popular during autumn due to the mild and dry weather.

Weather Aspect	September	October	November
Temperature
Terai Region	Average 25°C	Average 20°C	18-20°C (minimum)
Hilly Region	Milder, averaging 18°C	15-20°C	10-15°C
Himalayan Region	Cooler, 12-15°C	10-14°C (day), colder at night	8-10°C (day), below freezing at higher altitudes at night
Rainfall	Decreases from monsoon levels, significant in early month	Significant decrease, dry season begins, 95.9 mm in Kathmandu	Dry, minimal rainfall, 15.4 mm in Kathmandu
Humidity	High, 84.68% in Kathmandu	Decreases, 78.06% in Kathmandu	Low, 78.7% in Kathmandu

References

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Bhandari, D., & Dixit, A. (2022). Missed Opportunities in Utilization of Weather Forecasts: Nepal.
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